Inaugural Dean of the Pardee School of Global Affairs at Boston University, United States. He is the former vice chancellor of the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) in Pakistan. He was a co-author of the Third and Fourth Assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), work for which the IPCC was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. He has written 12 books and over 100 scholarly papers, including on climate change and security.